Low-Carbon Optimization Scheduling of Hybrid Energy Storage in Integrated Energy System Considering Bidirectional Interaction Between Green Certificate and Carbon Trading

To improve the low-carbon economic operation of integrated energy system (IES) with electric–thermal–hydrogen hybrid energy storage (ETH-HES), this paper proposes a low-carbon optimal dispatch strategy that jointly considers the bidirectional interaction between green certificate trading (GCT) and stepwise carbon emission trading (SCET), as well as lifetime degradation of electrolyzers and batteries. A coupled GCT–SCET interaction model is formulated by linking green certificate acquisition with carbon quota transactions, and a triple-incentive mechanism is introduced to monetize the low-carbon value of ETH-HES. In addition, degradation-aware models are established for the electrolyzer and battery to capture long-term operating costs. Case studies show that the proposed strategy reduces system operating cost and carbon emissions, increases wind and PV utilization, and improves the operating profit of ETH-HES.