Optimizing Soil Properties Through Hydrogel and Sawdust Combinations for Better Plant Growth

ABSTRACT Aim This multidisciplinary study explores the effects of hydrogel mixed with sawdust and soil on the sorption properties and vitality of poplar cuttings under drought conditions. Results The hydrogel–sawdust mixture exhibited superior water retention, absorbing up to 1.11 g water per gram of dry mixture, significantly improving soil moisture compared to soil alone. Fertilizer addition to the hydrogel enhanced nutrient availability without substantially affecting soil pH. Notably, the combination of sawdust and hydrogel balances nutrient availability while maintaining moisture levels, supporting plant growth during drought. Physiological analyses indicate that these mixtures positively affect plant vitality, as evidenced by increased photosynthetic performance. Chemical composition of plants remained largely stable, with minor changes in the proportion of cellulose and hemicelluloses. Conclusion This study uniquely combines scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, and comprehensive chemical and physiological analyses to highlight the benefits of hydrogel in forest management, particularly under water stress conditions.