Liquid organic hydrogen carriers for hydrogen storage: A review of chemistry, engineering design and economic feasibility

• LOHCs offer a promising path to a sustainable hydrogen economy. • This review discusses the key properties of liquid organic hydrogen carriers. • Efficient hydrogenation and dehydrogenation processes are discussed in this work. • A techno-economic analysis of the complete LOHC supply chain is reviewed. • Key research gaps and future LOHC development opportunities are identified. The transition towards a sustainable hydrogen economy is crucial for mitigating climate change and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. While hydrogen is a clean energy source, its efficient storage and transportation remain challenging. Unlike conventional hydrogen storage methods, liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) offer advantages over conventional hydrogen storage methods due to their higher volumetric energy density, relatively low cost, potential for long-term storage, suitability for long-distance transportation, compatibility with existing infrastructure, and promising economic viability. This review provides an overview of the recent advancement in the design of novel LOHCs for hydrogen storage focusing on key aspects including the chemical and physical properties, thermodynamics and kinetics of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation processes, advancement in catalyst development, innovative reactor design, and the techno-economic and life cycle assessments of the entire LOHC supply chain. By integrating technical, economic, and environmental perspectives, this review article aims to provide a holistic understanding of the potential of LOHCs for a sustainable energy future and pave the way to identify key research gaps and opportunities for future development.