Synergistic Multiphysical Field Optimization of Magnesium‐Based Hydrogen Storage Materials: Mechanisms, Progress, and Perspectives

This review systematically explores the research progress and existing challenges in enhancing the performance of magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials (particularly magnesium hydride, MgH₂) using multi-physics field strategies. Magnesium-based materials are considered important candidates for clean energy storage systems due to their high theoretical hydrogen storage capacity and abundant resource availability. However, their practical application is still limited by the material's high thermodynamic stability, slow hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics, and high dehydrogenation temperatures. Various technological approaches are systematically reviewed to improve the hydrogen storage performance of MgH₂, with a focus on the synergistic regulatory effects of external fields (such as magnetic, electric, light, and stress fields). These external fields can effectively modulate the material's electronic structure, phase transition behaviors, and hydrogen diffusion pathways, thereby significantly improving hydrogen storage kinetics, thermodynamic properties, and cycling stability. Furthermore, the latest advancements in experimental techniques and first-principles computational research are emphasized, which provide deeper insights into the potential mechanisms of multi-field interactions. Integrating these strategies into practical hydrogen storage systems can pave the way for commercial applications in fuel cell vehicles, renewable energy storage, and portable power systems, thus contributing to the development of a sustainable hydrogen economy.