ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES FOR CLIMATE CHANGE IN EUROPEAN CITIES: THE CASE OF CLUJ-NAPOCA

This paper examines adaptation and mitigation strategies for climate change in European cities, focusing on Cluj-Napoca as a case study within the EU Mission: Climate-Neutral and Smart Cities. Drawing on the city’s Climate City Contract and comparative analysis with leading European frontrunners, the study evaluates emissions profiles, planned interventions, and governance mechanisms. Cluj’s strategy integrates circular economy initiatives, energy efficiency programs, sustainable mobility, and nature-based solutions, aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 54% by 2030. Opportunities include strong civic engagement, a dynamic innovation ecosystem, and access to European policy networks, while key risks involve financial dependency, institutional fragmentation, and social equity challenges. By situating Cluj within broader European climate governance, the paper demonstrates the context dependent nature of neutrality pathways and highlights the importance of aligning technological innovation with financial sustainability, inclusive governance and equitable outcomes to ensure the effectiveness of urban green transitions.