Convergent validity of physical and neurological examination of subtle signs (PANESS) gaits and stations with performance-based and self-reported balance measures

PurposeTo explore convergent validity of the Physical and Neurological Examination of Subtle Signs Gaits and Stations completion scores (PANESS G/S) with Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition balance score - (BOT-2) and Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale - (ABC) in typically developing youth with and without a history of concussion.MethodCross-sectional data obtained from 79 youth (32 with history of concussion) aged 10-17 years. First, between-group differences in balance measures were explored. Then, correlations were explored between demographic variables and balance measures to identify control variables for subsequent correlations between balance measures.ResultsGiven no between-group differences on PANESS G/S, BOT-2, or ABC, correlations were examined across all participants. PANESS G/S was correlated with age. BOT-2 balance score was correlated with Full Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ). Controlling for age and FSIQ, PANESS G/S was associated with better BOT-2 performance. PANESS G/S and ABC were not correlated.ConclusionThis work adds to the literature characterizing the use of PANESS in adolescents, including those post-mTBI. Correlation between PANESS G/S and BOT-2 balance supports overlapping constructs. Lack of PANESS G/S correlation with ABC may reflect the lack of balance concerns in generally healthy youth and known discordance between performance and self-report measures.