A comprehensive review about the anticancer properties of gigantol

Gigantol is a biphenyl natural compound obtained from various medicinal orchids. This study sought to evaluate gigantol's anticancer effects, the mechanisms underlying this effect, and its pharmacokinetic characteristics. Gigantol exhibits potential anticancer properties in preclinical pharmacological test systems that are mediated <i>via</i> a range of molecular mechanisms, including the induction of cytotoxicity, Apoptosis signalling pathway activation, Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway inhibition, HSP90/Akt/CDK1 signalling pathway suppression, PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway modulation, interfering with JAK/STAT signalling pathway, MAPK signalling pathway inhibition, and MYC signalling pathway modulation. Further, the research emphasised the pharmacokinetic profile of gigantol, which is rapidly absorbed upon oral administration and primarily excreted from the body <i>via</i> metabolic processes. Thus, gigantol shows promising potential as a chemotherapeutic agent. However, in-depth clinical investigations are needed to determine its safety, efficacy, and therapeutic potential in cancer.