Commercial Renal Transplant and Mucormycosis: A Case Report

Aim and background: End-stage renal disease is one of the major noncommunicable diseases affecting patients worldwide.Kidney transplantation being the only treatment, paucity of the organs encourages patients to go for commercial renal transplant, bringing along with it a myriad of infectious issues, as infection control practices are always compromised in such situations.We present such a case, a postcommercial unrelated renal transplant, presenting with mucormycosis with unusual presentation of extensive thrombosis and lower limb ischemia leading to compartment syndrome, a rare complication of mucormycosis.Case description: A 41-year-old male, with the following background, known case of type 1 diabetes mellitus, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on regular hemodialysis, underwent a commercial renal transplant from an unrelated donor.During his course, he developed acute kidney injury (AKI) and renal vein thrombosis, resulting in graft failure.Despite timely surgery, he developed lower limb ischemia and compartment syndrome and succumbed to his illness.Conclusion: Timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial due to the aggressive course of mucormycosis, with a high index of suspicion in solid organ transplant patients, especially with an unrelated donor.Clinical significance: We strongly believe stricter regulation and oversight of commercial transplants are imperative due to infection risks and outcome disparities.