A Conceptual Framework for Understanding Career Outcome Expectations and Career Decision-Making Intentions of Generation Z

This conceptual paper introduces a new conceptual framework for examining the factors that influence Generation Z’s (Gen Z) career decision-making intentions. Acknowledging that traditional career development models fall short in addressing the characteristics of this cohort, the study advances an integrated approach that unites cognitive, emotional, and social dimensions. Specifically, it conceptualises how these dimensions interact to shape the career outcome expectations and decision-making processes of Gen Z. By synthesising Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) and Affective Events Theory (AET), the study conceptualises that Gen Z’s career decisions are influenced by the interaction of self-efficacy beliefs, outcome expectations, personal goals, and emotional experiences within their social environment. It further emphasises the potential impact of family and close networks, indicating a shift away from solely individualistic career models. By clarifying the multifaceted interaction of cognitive, emotional, and social factors, this conceptual paper lays a foundation for future research and guides the development of more realistic career development strategies tailored to the unique needs and expectations of Gen Z.