Collaborative Mechanisms of Fixed and Mobile Resources: A Review on Enhancing the Full-Cycle Resilience of Integrated Energy Cyber-Physical Systems Against Cyber-Attacks

Integrated energy cyber-physical systems (IECPS) face escalating cyber-attack threats due to their deep cyber-physical coupling, while traditional resilience models relying solely on fixed resources exhibit rigidity and limited adaptability. This review investigates IECPS attack mechanisms through the lens of the confidentiality, integrity, and availability framework, revealing their cross-layer propagation characteristics. We explicitly distinguish between fixed and mobile resources. Fixed resources include energy sources, transmission and distribution network facilities, coupling and conversion devices, fixed energy storage systems, and communication and control infrastructure. Mobile resources are grouped into five categories: mobile electricity resources, mobile gas resources, mobile heat resources, mobile hydrogen resources, and mobile communication resources. Fixed resources provide geographically anchored capacity and structural redundancy, and they offer static operational flexibility. Mobile resources, in contrast, provide spatially reconfigurable and rapidly deployable support for sensing, temporary multi-energy supply, and emergency communications. Building on this distinction, this review proposes a full-cycle resilience enhancement framework that encompasses pre-event prevention, in-progress response, and post-event recovery, with a particular focus on collaborative mechanisms between fixed and mobile resources. Furthermore, this review examines the foundational theories and key supporting technologies for such coordination, including fixed-mobile resource scheduling, intelligent perception and data fusion, communication security, and collaborative scheduling optimization. Key technical gaps and challenges in fixed-mobile resource collaboration are identified. Ultimately, this review aims to provide theoretical insights and practical guidance for developing resilient, adaptive, and secure integrated energy systems in the face of evolving cyber-physical threats.