On a conjecture of Cusick on a sum of Cantor sets
In 1971, Cusick proved that every real number <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="x element-of left-bracket 0 comma 1 right-bracket"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ∈ </mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">x\in [0,1]</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> can be expressed as a sum of two continued fractions with no partial quotients equal to <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="1"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">1</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . In other words, if we define a set <disp-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper S left-parenthesis k right-parenthesis colon-equal StartSet x element-of left-bracket 0 comma 1 right-bracket colon a Subscript n Baseline left-parenthesis x right-parenthesis greater-than-or-equal-to k for all n element-of double-struck upper N EndSet comma"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>≔</mml:mo> <mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ∈ </mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo> ≥ </mml:mo> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mtext> for all </mml:mtext> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ∈ </mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mml:mo> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\begin{equation*} S(k)≔\{ x\in [0,1] : a_n(x) \geq k \text { for all } n\in \mathbb {N}\}, \end{equation*}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </disp-formula> then <disp-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper S left-parenthesis 2 right-parenthesis plus upper S left-parenthesis 2 right-parenthesis equals left-bracket 0 comma 1 right-bracket period"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mi>S</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy="false">[</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">]</mml:mo> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\begin{equation*} S(2)+S(2) = [0,1]. \end{equation*}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </disp-formula> He also conjectured that this result is unique in the sense that if you exclude partial quotients from <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="1"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">1</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> to <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="k minus 1"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo> − </mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">k-1</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> with <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="k greater-than-or-equal-to 3"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo> ≥ </mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">k\geq 3</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , then the Lebesgue measure <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="lamda"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi> λ </mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\lambda</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> of the set of numbers which can be expressed as a sum of two continued fractions with no partial quotients from <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="StartSet 1 comma ellipsis comma k minus 1 EndSet"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false">{</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo> … </mml:mo> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo> − </mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo fence="false" stretchy="false">}</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\{1,\ldots ,k-1\}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is eq
Authors
- Nikita Shulga (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1046-6974)
Institutions
- La Trobe University (AU)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Transactions of the American Mathematical Society
- Published
- 2025-12-23
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1090/tran/9613
- Primary Topic
- Mathematical Dynamics and Fractals
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00