Combined Effect of Cetane Improver, Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles, and Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel Blend on a Dual Fuel Combustion Engine Run With Biogas Originated From Food Waste

ABSTRACT This study investigates the use of biogas generated from anaerobic co‐digestion of food waste and vinasse. Engine behavior in dual fuel mode was examined when biogas was supplied alongside waste cooking oil biodiesel (WCB100) serving as the pilot fuel, with diethyl ether (DEE), n‐butanol, and aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) nanoparticles. Engine was operated at biogas flow rates of 4, 8, and 12 lpm in dual fuel, and the outcomes were compared with those from conventional diesel and neat WCB100. At 8 lpm, the additive‐enriched WCB blend delivered the highest performance, achieving a brake thermal efficiency of 36% and lowering brake‐specific fuel consumption by 30.6% relative to diesel. Emission measurements indicated notable reductions in unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, though higher levels of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides appeared at greater biogas flow rates. These results highlight the potential of combining vinasse‐derived biogas with improved biodiesel blends to enhance dual‐fuel engine efficiency while reducing major pollutants, supporting sustainable waste‐to‐energy strategies.