Evaluation of D-dimer Level in Relation to Other Prognostic Factors in Multiple Myeloma Patients

BACKGROUND: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy associated with a hypercoagulable state, leading to increased thrombotic risk. The IMPEDE-VTE score is a validated tool for assessing thrombotic risk in MM patients, while D-dimer is a well-established biomarker of fibrinolytic activity. This study aims to investigate the correlation between IMPEDE score and D-dimer levels and their prognostic implications in MM patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 80 MM patients, divided into newly diagnosed (Group 1, n = 35) and established cases on treatment (Group 2, n = 45) as both compared to healthy control group ( n = 36). Patients were stratified based on IMPEDE-VTE scores into high-risk (≥4 points) and low-risk (<3 points) groups. D-dimer levels were measured and analyzed in relation to IMPEDE score, disease characteristics, and clinical outcomes. RESULTS: IMPEDE-VTE score was significantly associated with D-dimer levels ( P = 0.017 in Group 1, P = 0.0075 in Group 2). Mean D-dimer levels were 1619.74 ng/ml in Group 1 versus 830.09 ng/ml in Group 2 ( P < 0.001). Higher IMPEDE scores correlated with elevated D-dimer levels, indicating a higher thrombotic risk. D-dimer reduction posttreatment correlated with improved response, suggesting its potential role as a marker of disease activity. CONCLUSION: D-dimer levels strongly correlate with IMPEDE-VTE score in MM patients and may serve as an additional prognostic tool to predict thrombotic risk and treatment response.