Differential Longitudinal Effects of Glucose-Lowering Medications on Glucagon and C-peptide Responses in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE)

There were different patterns of effects of the four glucose-lowering medications on the α-cell, with no relationship of α-cell function with worsening glycemia. Thus, in treating type 2 diabetes, for choice of medication(s) the focus should primarily be on their impact on β-cell function.

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Journal
Diabetes Care
Published
2025-12-23
DOI
https://doi.org/10.2337/dc25-2186
Primary Topic
Diabetes Treatment and Management
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article
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article

Differential Longitudinal Effects of Glucose-Lowering Medications on Glucagon and C-peptide Responses in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE)

C.J. Buys, R.I. Garza, T.S. Raines, E.J. Boyko et al.
Diabetes Care
Diabetes Treatment and Management
article

Differential Longitudinal Effects of Glucose-Lowering Medications on Glucagon and C-peptide Responses in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE)

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Eggleston, D. Lorber, B. Kauffman, J. Bantle, H. B. Liu, Y.J. Kendal, L. Savoye, E. Gonzalez Hattery, N. Patel, R. Gaba, M. Razzaghi, J. Kerr, C. Suratt, S. Duran, C. Jensen, S. Nazarov, C. Wilson, H. Verastiqui, G. Lord, C. Baker, M. Gutt, K. Martin, H. Schneier, B. Gildersleeve, G. Fuller, M. Madden, K. Pham, P. Kringas, R.A. DeFronzo, H. Almeida, M. Steffes, H. Petrovitch, V. Ripley, L. Hope, S. Person, L. Alfano, E. Schield, C. Hazlett, M. Mullen, T. Onadeko, V. Jenkins, C. Lund, A. Balasubramanyam, S. Lipp, S. Abraham, L. Morton, S. Yang, S. Tanukonda, Robert M. Cohen, N. Butera, O. Griffith, R.R. Ishii, A. Goley, C. Puckett, C. Sandsers, M.B. Vonder Meulen, P. Brantley, L. Ngo, R. Passi, J. Steppel-Reznik, V. Pirics, C. Adams, W. Taylor, S. McCullars, R. Goland, T. Karshner, K. Mularski, L.F. Jordan, L. Colosimo, A. Adolphe, E. Burgess, K. Berame, J. Gluth, L. Manandhar, M. Johnson, N. Younes, L. Gurry, B. Torgrimson-Ojerio, N.O. Bermudez, S. Bule, E. Joshevama, L. 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Smith, K. Ballentine-Cargill, I. Bebu, R. Meiners, E. Sledge Jr., M. Herson, T. Lowe, J. Costello, C. Stevens, A. Werner, R. Nieto-Martinez, R. Mungara, N. Haynes, E. Duran-Valdez, H. Glauber, Kristina Utzschneider, C. Newman, T. Harindhanavudhi, R. Pop-Busui, C. Waguespack, M. Burge, R.M. Cohen, H. Krause-Steinrauf, s. Anthony Rahul Golden, J. Lukin, A. Carlson, J. Craig, S. Smith, L. Kiker, J. Iacoboni, H. Dulin, P. Raskin, M.C.R. Lawson, K. Arnold, A. Gliwa, C. Patel, I. Abdouch, M. Coe, S. Guarda, J. Krakoff, M. Jackson, K. Josey, R. Kochis, F.E. Broyles, M.R. Gramzinski, E. Diaz, Y. N. Gao, A. Ghosh, A. Turchin, J. Marks, S. Sao, C. Hausheer, P. Gatcomb, S. Douglass, E. Xhori, A. Cherian, G. Canaris, G. Rocchio, M. Pavlionis, M.H. Jacobson, D. Juarez, F. Morehead, A. Alfred, R. Penaloza, T. Hamilton, J. G. Gonzalez, M. Khalid, M.E. Larkin, J. Pring, S. Morton, J. Jimenez, S. Coffer, M.C. Rogge, E. Panos, J. Eggert, K. Schell, A. Thomassie, B. Chambers, J. Tejada, J. 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Bremer, L. Goodhall, S. Trikudanathan, A. Scrymgeour, D. Olson, M. Backman, A. Ghazi, T. Young, D.H. Josephson, C. Moak, A. Krol, E. King, Ralph A. DeFronzo, M. Mech, E. Cersosimo, A. Katona, M.S. Kirkman, M.H. Tan, S. Burbach, A. Fagan, L. Hue, A. Arey, C. P Martín, B.K. Montgomery, J. Martinez, A. Ross, D.S. Schade, S. Kunkel, J. Cuffee, B. Redmon, M. Yepes, S. Jones, B. Gulanski
article en

Abstract

There were different patterns of effects of the four glucose-lowering medications on the α-cell, with no relationship of α-cell function with worsening glycemia. Thus, in treating type 2 diabetes, for choice of medication(s) the focus should primarily be on their impact on β-cell function.

Diabetes CareVol. 49(2)
University of Iowa (US), University of Minnesota (US), Milken Institute (US), Kaiser Permanente (US), Emory University (US), The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center (US), Baylor College of Medicine (US), University of Alabama at Birmingham (US), VA Puget Sound Health Care System (US), Kings County Hospital Center (US), Texas Diabetes Institute (US), Cincinnati VA Medical Center (US), VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System (US), Atlanta VA Medical Center (US), University of Cincinnati Medical Center (US)
AstraZeneca, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Intarcia Therapeutics, Novo Nordisk
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