Prevalence and associated risk factors of Lungworm infection in small ruminants in west Dembiya district, Amhara national regional state, northwest Ethiopia

Lungworm infections are a major economic concern in small ruminants, reducing productivity, compromising animal welfare, and increasing prevention and treatment costs. Effective control is essential for maintaining healthy and profitable herds, especially in endemic areas. A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022 to July 2023 in West Dembiya, Northwest Ethiopia, to determine the prevalence of lungworm infection in sheep and goats, identify risk factors, and characterize the lungworm species involved. Using simple random sampling, fecal samples from 384 animals (219 sheep and 165 goats) were collected and examined with the modified Baermann technique. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were applied to assess associations. The overall prevalence was 28.91%, with 30.3% in goats and 27.9% in sheep. Dictyocaulus filaria was the most prevalent species (14.3%), followed by Muellerius capillaris (6.8%) and Protostrongylus rufescens (2.9%). Infection rates were significantly higher in females (34.2%) and adult animals (34.4%). Poor body condition and extensive management systems also increased the odds of infection (P < 0.05). These findings highlight the need for strategic deworming and awareness programs promoting improved management and feeding practices to reduce lungworm infections in the area.