Efficacy and Safety of Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block Versus Infraorbital and Infratrochlear Nerve Blocks in Nasal and Sinus Surgeries: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

While both techniques effectively improve perioperative outcomes, SPGB appears superior for pain control and surgical field quality, especially in the endoscopic and functional endoscopic sinus surgery procedures, whereas IOB/ITNB demonstrates advantages for PONV prevention and reduced recovery time in rhinoplasty procedures. Procedure-specific selection of nerve block technique is recommended based on surgical priorities and patient characteristics.