Consumption of fish and seafood by childbearing-aged women in the UK and potential products that could improve health outcomes

This study quantified fish and seafood consumption by UK women of childbearing age (presented by individuals aged 20-39) relative to government dietary guidelines and identified interventions that could improve health outcomes. Data were collected from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey, including 4-day food diaries and nutrient databank records. Retail price data were collected from UK supermarkets to assess affordability. Intake of fish and seafood is far below NHS recommendations, limiting potential health benefits. Women aged 20-39 years consumed an average of 33 g of oily fish per week in the period 2008-2021. This is only 24% of the NHS recommended intake of 140 g. Despite greater need for nutrient dense foods, younger women and those from lower-income households reported significantly lower seafood intake. Efforts to increase consumption of oily fish species such as mackerel and sardines are likely to be viable and effective for improving women's public health.