Why Does Mucoadhesion Matter? Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery Systems with Antifungal Activity in the Local Treatment of Oral Cavity Candidiasis

Disorders in the oral cavity caused by pathogenic fungi pose a significant clinical challenge, particularly in immunocompromised patients, as well as those undergoing oncological therapy or antibiotic treatment. A practical therapeutic approach involves the topical application of mucoadhesive drug dosage forms. However, only a limited number of such preparations are available on the pharmaceutical market. Mucoadhesive systems are especially advantageous, as they ensure prolonged retention and adequate concentrations of the active substances at the site of infection. Localized drug delivery enhances therapeutic efficacy compared to systemic administration, enabling lower drug doses, and consequently reducing the risk of side effects. Moreover, many fungal conditions require long-term treatment, which may be optimized by the use of mucoadhesive systems, improving patient compliance. Considering the issue of limited adhesion of conventional drug dosage forms and the moist environment in the oral cavity, providing optimal mucoadhesive properties is a key aspect. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the significance of treating oral candidiasis using mucoadhesive drug dosage forms, the mechanisms and advantages of mucoadhesion (including relevant polymers), and, most importantly, recent scientific reports on the development and quality assessment of mucoadhesive drug delivery systems for the management of oral fungal diseases.