Evaluating the Implementation and Impact of Communal Septic‐Tank Technology on Sanitation Access and Community Well‐Being: A Case Study in Teluk Lengung, Batam, Indonesia

ABSTRACT This study evaluates the Septic Tank Development Program (SPTDP), a communal septic‐tank system designed to improve sanitation access, enhance public health, and promote community engagement in Teluk Lengung, Batam, Indonesia. Unlike traditional household septic systems, SPTDP integrates multiple household connections into a single communal unit, optimizing waste management efficiency and reducing direct human waste disposal into the environment. Before SPTDP, 50% of the community relied on inadequate sanitation facilities, such as traditional pit latrines and direct waste disposal into coastal waters. These poor sanitation conditions contributed to frequent hygiene‐related illnesses and community concerns over living conditions. Following the installation of SPTDP, sanitation access increased to 90%, leading to improved hygiene practices and a reduction in sanitation‐related health issues. This study employs a qualitative approach, including field observations and in‐depth interviews with 25 purposively sampled participants (20 household representatives, 2 community leaders, and 3 government officials and technical officers). Findings indicate that SPTDP has improved waste containment, reduced open defecation, and strengthened community participation in maintaining sanitation facilities. Residents reported a greater sense of pride, increased awareness of sanitation practices, and improved social cohesion due to the shared management of the system. Challenges remain, especially in system maintenance, funding, and regular monitoring for long‐term sustainability. While qualitative findings show reduced human waste exposure and better sanitation, more research is needed to measure environmental impacts, particularly coastal water quality. The study concludes that SPTDP offers strong sanitation benefits and recommends better maintenance training, community education, and policy support to sustain its impact.