Assessing Executive Functions in Children With Developmental Dyslexia: A Comprehensive Approach

Developmental dyslexia (DD) is frequently associated with executive function (EF) deficits, particularly in inhibition, working memory and cognitive flexibility. This study assessed EF in 40 children with DD, aged 7-16, using both performance-based tests and rating measures, and examined the role of co-occurring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The Child Executive Functions Battery (CEF-B) assessed four EF domains (inhibition, working memory, flexibility and planning), while the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) provided parent and teacher ratings of executive behaviours in daily life. Results revealed significant EF impairments, especially in inhibition, working memory and planning, with 67.5% of participants showing deficits in at least one EF domain. BRIEF ratings confirmed widespread EF difficulties (55.9%). Low correlations between the CEF-B and BRIEF suggest that these assessments capture different aspects of EF, highlighting the importance of a multi-method approach. Although no significant differences were found between children with and without ADHD on the CEF-B, BRIEF ratings indicated greater difficulties in those with ADHD. The findings highlight substantial EF deficits in children with DD, emphasising the necessity for targeted interventions and further research into the underlying mechanisms.