Matrix transformation framework for modeling and analyzing braided structures

Using quadratic B-spline curves to generate 3D fiber paths, this study proposes a novel approach to fiber-level modeling based on the matrix transformation framework. This framework ensures a unified form and explicit rules, enabling convenient, flexible and efficient operations with excellent computability and parameter scalability. The braided yarn configuration is accurately described by an innovatively introduced fiber distribution function accounting for fiber count, internal or external transfer and distribution in the cross-section of bundle. Adding twisting parameters such as twisting degree, twist angle and twist direction significantly improves the texture and 3D visualization effect of twisted braided yarn. Net-shaped or curved tubular fiber-level braided structures are flexibly modeled using tape and strand units. Parameter optimization enhances computational efficiency and geometric adaptability. The simulation results demonstrate that the framework enable accurate simulation of various braided configurations and achieve fully parameteric modeling and flexible changes of 2D circular braided fabrics, producing geometric models with excellent structural continuity, suitable for fiber-scale mechanical analysis and providing an effective architectural support for digital modeling and multi-scale performance prediction of braided composites.