Energy Balance on LEACH-C Based Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network

This manuscript presents an improvement of the low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy centralized protocol using the energy balance formulation, referred to as the Low Energy-Variance Adaptive clustering (LEVA) protocol. Cluster heads (CHs) vary dynamically according to the remaining energy variation of the overall network, the number of alive wireless sensor devices, and their relative energy dispersion levels. In addition, the existence of CHs is guaranteed in each round. The energy balance formulation helps remove all additional communication between the base station and all WSDs. Thus, LEACH-C becomes a decentralized protocol. The simulation results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the LEVA protocol in terms of energy balance and network lifetime. The lifetime is increased by 43%, 14%, and 12.5% compared to LEACH, LEACH-C, and LEACH-WSDN protocols, respectively.