Editorial: Immune-checkpoint inhibitors and immunometabolic reprogramming in cancer immunotherapy

that might also be affected by ICIs [7]. Therefore, the current special issue is designed to understand the roles of ICIs and IR in cancer immunotherapies.This special issue provides a comprehensive overview, from clinical meta-analyses of the esophagus, cervix, melanoma, and NSCLC to mechanistic studies on immunometabolism, microbiota, epigenetics, and cardiovascular toxicity, illustrating the integration of immunology and metabolism in precision cancer medicine with ICIs.The article by Xiong et al. has identified the regulatory role of the NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4)/MYC axis in murine breast cancer and in immune cell (specifically CD8 + T cells) infiltration, via dysregulation of breast cancer cell metabolism that supports their growth and proliferation, and PD- Moreover, in their breast cancer study, they observed a strong association between higher Hub-UVR.Sig expression (ENO2 or enolase-2 or gamma enolase, critical for glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, and ATP6V1F, which encodes vacuolar ATPase or V-ATPase, mediates acidification of intracellular organelles) and substantial immune evasion and low immunogenicity in patients with worse OS. Thus, understanding the association between UV exposure, ICI treatment, and associated IR is critical to exploring a linkage between UVR and ICI resistance. Furthermore, Yang et al.L1(