Protective effects of green tea powder-supplemented Seoritae Chungkukjang on pyrogallol-induced oxidative stress in LLC-PK ₁ cells

This study evaluated the antioxidative efficacy of Seoritae Chungkukjang (SC) supplemented with green tea powder (SCG) in an LLC-PK 1 oxidative-stress model.Pyrogallol, a superoxide anion (O 2 -)-generating agent, markedly reduced cell viability, promoted lipid peroxidation, and suppressed antioxidant enzyme activities.Treatment with SC extract counteracted these effects by improving cell viability, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and enhancing the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase.Building on this baseline activity, the incorporation of green tea powder further amplified the protective responses, conferring stronger resistance to O 2 --mediated oxidative injury.Higher levels of green tea powder supplementation produced progressively greater antioxidant benefits.Collectively, these findings indicate that SCG exhibits enhanced antioxidant potential and more effectively mitigated O 2 --induced oxidative stress in renal epithelial cells compared with SC alone.