Macrophages and iNOS contribute to the effects of dural prolactin and repeated stress in mouse migraine models

This study demonstrates that dural prolactin acts through both neuronal and immune cell mechanisms and is dependent on iNOS activity. In response to repeated stress, macrophages contribute to behavioral responses in both sexes while iNOS is only required in females. These findings suggest that interactions between the immune and nervous systems are important for the effects of prolactin and stress on migraine-relevant mechanisms and demonstrate further sex differences in specific pathways.