Modelling drivers of environmental sustainability in artisanal gold mining within river basins using the Ecological Footprint Theory

The sustainability of gold mining practices, particularly among artisanal miners, has garnered increasing attention due to its environmental and social implications. However, limited empirical research has explored the nuanced factors influencing sustainable practices in gold mining areas. This study examined the roles of Awareness and Education, Future Mining Considerations, and Social Impact Perceptions in shaping Continuous Mining Intentions and their subsequent impact on Environmental Sustainability in Mining Practices. Using a quantitative approach, data from 271 artisanal gold miners were analysed through Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The study found that Continuous Mining Intentions was the main factor significantly and positively predicted Environmental Sustainability in Mining Practices of artisanal miners. Additionally, Awareness and Education significantly predicted both Continuous Mining Intentions and Future Mining Considerations of artisanal gold miners. These results highlight the critical role of awareness, education, and social considerations in promoting sustainable mining practices. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders aiming to enhance environmental sustainability in artisanal mining and suggests pathways for integrating education and social awareness into mining policies and programmes.