Integrating the passive ventilation strategies of Aceh vernacular houses into modern housing facade design for enhanced climate responsiveness in local environment

Rapid urbanization has reduced traditional features in Acehnese vernacular houses, while the demand for energy-efficient and environmentally friendly housing continues to grow. This study examines the sustainability of passive ventilation strategies in Rumoh Aceh and their potential application to the facade design of modern house in the Hadrah Housing complex, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Temperature, humidity, and wind speed were measured over three consecutive sunny days from 11.00 to 14.00 WIB in the dining room. Results showed indoor temperatures of 31.2°C − 31.6°C and humidity levels of 67% − 72%, both exceeding SNI thermal comfort limits. CFD simulations revealed that the existing outlet – inlet ratio of 1:1.5 failed to generate effective airflow due to poorly designed openings and shared walls. While orientation is fixed, applying Rumoh Aceh strategies, such as balanced or larger outlet areas, open plans, vertical ventilation through stack effects, porous facades, clerestory windows, shading vegetation, and openings aligned with local wind direction can enhance airflow and reduce heat buildup. Using a Value Engineering (VE) approach, the study proposes adaptive, cost-effective solutions that integrate vernacular principles with modern design. These findings underscore integrating Rumoh Aceh passive ventilation strategies into modern facade design to enhance thermal comfort and climate responsiveness.