Promises and Pitfalls of Regenerative Therapies for Androgenetic Alopecia: Platelet-Rich Plasma, Photobiomodulation, Stem Cells, and Exosomes

Platelet-rich plasma is the most studied modality, with emerging investigations into newer formulations such as leukocyte-rich and pure platelet-rich plasma. However, recent studies are limited by inconsistent reporting of cellular composition, short follow-up durations, and a lack of comparative data on treatment protocols. The efficacy of photobiomodulation as a monotherapy remains debated, with inconsistent reporting of device parameters. Stem cells and exosomes show promising, though still limited, clinical evidence in inducing hair regrowth. Standardization of these therapies is crucial, with emphasis on transparency, reproducibility, and patient safety.