Descriptive quality of traumatic lesion documentation in emergency medical certificates

The Initial Medical Certificate (IMC) is a crucial medico-legal document, particularly in cases of physical violence, where its descriptive accuracy directly influences its evidentiary value in legal and compensation processes. This study aimed to assess the quality of traumatic lesion documentation in IMCs issued in emergency departments and to identify common deficiencies. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study between July and September 2022 in the emergency department of a regional hospital in Tunisia. IMCs issued following physical assault or road traffic accidents were included. Evaluation focused on five common lesion types (erythema, ecchymosis, hematoma, excoriation, wound) using standardized criteria: size, shape, color, depth, location, and estimated age. A binary scoring system classified documentation quality as good, average, or poor. Out of 218 IMCs analyzed, 54.6% involved female patients with a mean age of 37 years. Judicial requisitions prompted 94.4% of the certificates. Descriptions were rated as poor in 47.2% of cases and average in 52.8%. No certificate included anatomical landmarks. Wounds were the best described (p<0.001), while ecchymoses were more often poorly documented (p=0.016). Lesion size (p<0.001) and depth (p=0.02) were the most frequently reported elements. Significant deficiencies were found in the documentation of elementary lesions, compromising the medico-legal value of IMCs. Implementing structured reporting tools and ongoing training is essential to improve descriptive quality and the probative strength of these certificates. • The descriptive quality of elementary traumatic lesions in Initial Medical Certificates (IMCs) is generally insufficient, despite their crucial medico-legal role. • No certificate included precise anatomical landmarks, and nearly half (47.2%) described lesions using only one element. • Ecchymoses were among the most common lesions but were often poorly described, frequently missing key information such as color and estimated age. • The inclusion of detailed descriptors, particularly lesion size (p<0.001) and depth (p=0.02), was significantly associated with higher descriptive quality. • Implementing structured reporting tools and continuous medico-legal training is necessary to enhance the descriptive quality and probative value of IMCs issued in emergency settings.