Photothermal conditioning of platelet-rich plasma: mechanisms and emerging applications in hair regeneration

Photothermal conditioning of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an emerging innovation in regenerative medicine, particularly in the field of hair restoration. By using controlled electromagnetic energy, this technique modulates the biological activity of PRP, potentially enhancing the release of growth factor, production of exosomes and communication between cells. This review aims to explore the mechanisms behind photothermal PRP, summarize current preclinical and clinical findings, and evaluate its applications in hair regeneration. A comprehensive literature review was conducted across multiple databases to evaluate mechanistic data, clinical outcomes and technology platforms. Preliminary evidence suggests that photothermal conditioning enhances the bioactivity of PRP, leading to potential increases in hair density and follicular regeneration. Additionally, it may help reduce inflammation and prolong the anagen phase of the hair cycle. However, there is currently a lack of standard protocols, dosage regimens and clear understanding of the mechanisms involved. Despite these limitations, photothermal PRP shows promise as an adjunctive or alternative treatment for androgenic and inflammatory alopecia. Future clinical studies with standardized protocols and larger cohorts are necessary to confirm its efficacy, optimize treatment parameters and ensure long-term safety.