Exploring the role of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for the treatment of fibromyalgia: a narrative review

While tDCS appears safe and effective for fibromyalgia-related pain, variability in protocols and limited reporting of non-pain outcomes hinder broader conclusions. As an adjunctive therapy, its role may be enhanced through protocol standardization, longer-term follow-up, and combination strategies such as pairing with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to address the full spectrum of fibromyalgia symptoms.