Aspects regarding the selection of cable glands for electrical equipment intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres

In industrial installations located in potentially explosive atmospheres, the safe operation of electrical equipment depends not only on correct design but also on the proper use of cable glands. These components are essential for maintaining the protection type of the equipment, whether it is flameproof enclosure, increased safety, pressurization etc. In practice, nonconformities frequently arise due to the incorrect selection or improper installation of cable glands, directly affecting the safety of the equipment and, consequently, the entire installation. Common issues include the use of unsuitable cable glands, incompatibility with the cable type (armoured or unarmoured), improper tightening torque, missing seals, or compromised ingress protection (IP) levels. This paper aims to highlight the essential selection criteria for cable glands: compatibility with the type of protection, cable type and size, sealing and mechanical protection requirements, as well as specific environmental conditions. It also analyses applicable standards and presents examples that illustrate the consequences of inadequate choices. By addressing this topic, the paper seeks to raise awareness of the importance of execution details and promote best practices in assembling equipment used in Ex environments, in compliance with the relevant regulatory requirements.