Regulating International Maritime Transport Greenhouse Gas Emissions through Time: Progress and Challenges

Abstract This article explores the evolving interplay between international climate change law and the regulation of greenhouse gas emissions from shipping. Situating this evolution within the broader framework of the law of the sea and international environmental law, it traces key legal developments over the decades, including the ITLOS and ICJ advisory opinions on climate change. The analysis reflects on the tensions, synergies and pathways for harmonising the maritime transport, the ocean and climate change regimes.