From pixels to patterns: Decoding smartphone display properties through diffraction, reflection, and refraction

In this paper, we show how students can measure optical features of smartphone displays through three experiments. Observing diffraction patterns from smartphone displays allows students to determine the Pixels Per Inch (PPI). Observing reflections within a smartphone display provides information about touch glass thickness and pixel layer properties. Finally, water drops are used as miniature lenses to see the magnified image of the pixels beneath. An enhanced theoretical model that covers both small and large droplets is provided.