Harnessing the Adsorption Capacity of Typha domingensis for the Sustainable Elimination of Noxious Bromophenol Blue Dyes from Aqueous Systems

Synthetic dyes in industrial wastewater pose serious environmental challenges due to their toxicity and persistence. This study explores a sustainable and affordable biosorbent made from Typha domingensis leaves powder (TDLP) for removing bromophenol blue (BPB) dye from water. The material was characterized using FTIR, SEM-EDS, and pHpzc analyses to understand its surface chemistry, morphology, and charge behavior. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to evaluate the influence of pH, contact time, dye concentration, and adsorbent dose. Under optimal conditions (pH 2.0, 10 mg L−1 BPB, 0.1 g TDLP per 50 mL, 60 min, 300 K), TDLP achieved a 92% dye removal efficiency. The adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and fit best to the Langmuir isotherm, indicating monolayer adsorption with a maximum capacity (qm[?down]?>ₘ) of 15.61 mg g−1. Thermodynamic analysis showed that the process was spontaneous and endothermic. The biosorbent retained over 80% of its efficiency after five reuse cycles, confirming its durability. Owing to its natural abundance, low cost, and biodegradability, T. domingensis provides an eco-friendly and circular solution for dye removal, supporting cleaner water management and sustainable environmental practices.