Prevalence and predictors of fibromyalgia symptoms in an academic setting: a cross-sectional study

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex, chronic syndrome characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain and cognitive difficulties. Occupational and psychosocial stressors may contribute to the development and exacerbation of FM symptoms. This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of FM symptoms and associated factors among students and faculty at Umm Al Qura University in Saudi Arabia. A cross sectional study using a valid questionnaire that included the Fibromyalgia Survey Diagnostic Criteria and the General Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale among Umm Al-Qura university members. Of the 580 participants, 14.1% met the criteria for FM and 22.1% exhibited anxiety symptoms. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that FM symptoms were significantly associated with age ≥ 25 years, female sex, faculty/employee status, family history of FM, lack of regular weekly exercise, regular use of pain relief medications, and presence of anxiety symptoms. Anxiety was a particularly strong predictor, with affected individuals being over eight times more likely to have FM symptoms than those without anxiety (AOR, 8.035; p < 0.001). The study emphasizes the importance of identifying modifiable lifestyle and psychological factors associated with the development of FM, particularly in academic settings where stress is prevalent. The high prevalence of FM symptoms among students and faculty and the strong link between FM symptoms and anxiety highlight the need for early screening and intervention strategies. Recommendations include implementing campus-wide mental health and physical activity programs, educating the university community about FM, and offering personalized support to individuals with high risk of developing FM.