Evaluation of Intraosseous Excretory Urography Using Iodixanol for Renal Imaging in Budgerigars ( <i>Melopsittacus undulatus</i> )

This study demonstrates that excretory urography using intraosseous administration of iodixanol into the proximal tibiotarsus is a safe, practical, and well-tolerated technique, with no side effects, for accurate diagnosis of renal and urinary tract disorders in budgerigars.