From Tradition to Therapy: Medicinal Plants as a Promising Approach to Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis, a major cardiovascular disease, is characterized by the accumulation of fatty streaks and plaques in arterial walls, driven by factors such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid buildup. This review explores the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants as a promising option for preventing and managing atherosclerosis, emphasizing their bioactive compounds that target key disease mechanisms. Plants such as Perovskia abrotanoides, rich in phenolic compounds and essential oils, exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that mitigate oxidative stress and vascular damage. Similarly, widely accessible plants like ginger, turmeric, and garlic offer cardiovascular benefits by reducing inflammation and preventing arterial fat accumulation when incorporated into daily diets. This article extends its focus to additional medicinal plants, including Gundelia tournefortii, Pulicaria gnaphalodes, Valeriana officinalis, Sesamum indicum, Allium ampeloprasum, and Origanum majorana, which demonstrate significant anti-atherosclerotic effects. These plants contribute through diverse mechanisms, such as improving lipid profiles, inhibiting LDL oxidation, enhancing endothelial function, and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines. The review highlights the limitations of synthetic drugs, including side effects and costs, underscoring the resurgence of interest in natural remedies. By integrating traditional knowledge with modern research, this study elucidates the molecular pathways—such as modulation of lipid metabolism and reduction of foam cell formation—through which these plants act. While preliminary findings are promising, further in vivo studies are needed to validate efficacy and safety. This comprehensive analysis aims to develop strategies for leveraging medicinal plants as viable, accessible options for atherosclerosis management, promoting cardiovascular health and overall wellness.