Synthesis of a Silica Sol-Based Foam Material for Civil and Military Applications

Goal: To examine the issue of ensuring the required thermal state of an object. To demonstrate the use of new mechanisms for heat flow distribution and foam stabilization, ensuring the required thermal state of an object. To develop a method for synthesizing a foam material based on silica sol for thermal insulation and reducing the thermal signature of objects. Methods: The study utilized methods for studying the physical and mechanical properties of the material, including finite element analysis, X-ray diffraction, derivatographic, and microscopic analysis. Close agreement between theoretical and experimental studies was achieved. Results: A method for synthesizing a foam material based on silica sol was developed. This method results in a 23% strengthening of the foam framework over a 9-month curing period. The use of macro- and microfibers in the material was shown to reduce crack width and increase foam expansion. Using the finite element method, heat flow distribution across the object was simulated at a 1:1 scale, confirming that the required thermal state was achieved. Practical Relevance: The developed material was shown to provide the required thermal state for the object compared to existing foam coatings and mineral wool. A new technical solution is proposed that ensures high-quality fiber distribution within the material due to a new foam cartridge design.