Changes in and relationships between human milk oligosaccharides and microRNAs in milk-derived extracellular vesicles during the first 4 months of lactation

This study enabled a detailed characterization of changes in HMOs and MEVs in the breast milk of Japanese women throughout the course of the first 4 months of lactation. A potential association between the concentrations of HMOs and miRNAs was also observed, suggesting that these components might influence each other. These findings are significant for promoting healthy infant development and growth, as well as for improving infant formula composition.