Multidisciplinary analysis of preventive occupational safety measures in tunnel construction

Driven by rapid urbanization and expanding demand for underground space, tunnel construction has become an increasingly important component of modern infrastructure. However, the confined working environment, complex geological conditions, and intensive construction processes pose substantial occupational safety challenges. This paper provides a multidisciplinary analysis of preventive safety measures in tunnel construction, with the goal of enhancing safety performance and reducing risks to workers' health and well-being. The study classifies safety strategies into three dimensions: technical, organizational, and personal, and examines the role of advanced technologies in optimizing working conditions and supporting risk prevention. It also highlights the importance of employee education and continuous safety training, and presents a statistical analysis of injury patterns during high-risk construction phases to identify major contributing factors. By integrating international safety standards, domestic engineering practices, and representative case studies, this research proposes a comprehensive framework for safety management tailored to the complex context of underground construction.