Privacy Policy Compliance of Mobile Sports and Health Apps in China: Scale Development, Data Analysis, and Prospects for Regulatory Reform

Although some apps have established commendable policies, there are gaps that compromise the efficacy of PI protection. Considering this, this paper proposes targeted actions for 3 stakeholders: users, regulators, and legislators. Only through coordinated action can the app ecosystem close the compliance gaps, reduce PI protection risks, and restore user trust in digital services.