Ameliorative effects of myricetin on phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic anemia in rats: modulation of erythropoiesis, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and bone marrow architecture

Background: Anemia is a clinical condition characterized by a reduction in the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin concentration in the blood to levels below the established normal range.Objective: Investigate the therapeutic effects of Myricetin on phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic anemia in adult male rats.Methodology: Forty rats were randomly divided into four groups.Group I received normal saline orally.Group II consisted of anemic rats administered normal saline orally.Group III included anemic rats treated with Myricetin (1 mg/kg body weight, i.p., once daily), and Group IV comprised anemic rats treated with folic acid (1 mg/ kg body weight, orally, once daily).All treatments were continued for 30 consecutive days.Serum samples were collected on days 7, 15, and 30 and analyzed using ELISA to assess hematological, oxidative stress, and inflammatory biomarkers.Bone marrow biopsies were obtained on day 15 for histopathological evaluation.Results: Showed a significant, time-dependent improvement in key hematological and oxidative stress parameters, including erythropoietin, hepcidin, haptoglobin, glutathione, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant status, and catalase activity.Furthermore, Myricetin significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, particularly interferon-gamma and interleukin-10.Histopathological analysis demonstrated that Myricetin markedly improved bone marrow cellularity, especially in myeloid (granulocytes) and erythroid lineages.Conclusion: Myricetin exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hematopoietic effects, thereby promoting physiological stability and facilitating the gradual recovery of bone marrow function and hematological balance.This highlights its potential as a natural therapeutic candidate for the management of hemolytic anemia.