Supplementary material: Male‐Biased Adult Mortality in the Great Bustard Is Consistent With High Reproductive Costs and Aggravated by Anthropogenic Impact

Supplementary material (R scripts and supporting data files) of the following publication: Male‐Biased Adult Mortality in the Great Bustard Is Consistent With High Reproductive Costs and Aggravated by Anthropogenic Impact (Ecology and Evolution; DOI: 10.1002/ece3.72713). Using known fate models implemented in the RMark package, we estimate annual and monthly adult survival rates in a sample of 339 great bustards (Otis tarda) radio-tagged in 1985-2013 and monitored up to 2020. We found that annual survival was lower in males than in females, and lower in Madrid, a highly anthropized region (males: 0.874, females: 0.931), than in Villafáfila, where very good habitat conditions still exist (males: 0.948, females: 0.973). The maximum ages reached by marked individuals were also higher in females (17.3 years) than in males (13.8 years). The seasonal survival pattern was similar in both sexes, with maximum mortality at the end of the mating and incubation period, and lower survival in males, suggesting a direct effect of reproductive cost in both sexes, and a higher cost in males.