No safe space: Impact of cumulative disadvantage of adversity in the home and exclusion from school on victimisation and offending behaviour within a justice-involved youth sample

Prevalence of ACEs and multiple school exclusions were substantially higher in the current youth justice cohort compared to national figures in general population samples. Findings from the current study showed that ACEs and school exclusions have different relative contributions to offending and victimisation outcomes. ACEs and school exclusion are preventable risk factors for youth offending and current study findings emphasise the need to address both factors to prevent and reduce youth offending, and achieve positive outcomes for children, and wider benefits for local communities.