System analysis and optimization of the parameters of hardwood processing technology to ensure long-term operation of products based on it

Ensuring the operational stability and minimal deformations of hardwood products requires a systematic approach to optimizing technological processes. The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the processing parameters of solid wood, taking into account its anisotropic properties and heterogeneity of raw materials. A mathematical model has been developed that integrates the processes of moisture exchange, heat transfer, and mechanical stress, which makes it possible to predict the spatial and temporal distribution of key material characteristics (humidity, temperature, and stress). Computer modeling based on the numerical solution of the equations of moisture conductivity and thermomechanical deformation provided a detailed distribution of parameters in the volume of the workpiece. The use of the three-core model made it possible to take into account the anisotropy of the material and the heterogeneity of the raw materials, which is critically important for preventing cracking and warping. The verification of the model is confirmed by the correspondence of experimental data from secal drying chambers. The results demonstrate the possibility of reducing energy consumption and improving product quality. The simulation provided a reduction in wood moisture from 60% to 8% with an error of less than 2%. The moisture conductivity coefficient found for oak and ash is consistent with experimental data. The intermediate moisture heat treatment allowed to reduce stresses by 15-20% due to relaxation of elastic deformations. The safety factor of the drying modes was maintained at the level of 1.0 ± 0.02, ensuring the absence of cracking. The temperature conditions are optimized (maximum agent temperature 52°C) to minimize energy consumption while maintaining quality. The developed model proves its effectiveness for predicting stresses and humidity dynamics, ensuring the introduction of energy-efficient drying modes.