Analysis of the Impact of logistical and geopolitical uncertainties (Red Sea, Strait of Malacca, Panama Canal) on the resilience of global maritime supply chain

Strategic maritime chokepoints—especially the Red Sea/Suez system, the Strait of Malacca, and the Panama Canal—concentrate a disproportionate share of seaborne trade and therefore transmit shocks widely when disrupted. From 2000 to 2025 the literature evolved from network/port-system perspectives (e.g., port regionalization, connectivity indices) to event-based impact assessments (piracy, canal blockages, climate-driven restrictions), complemented by operational metrics such as schedule reliability and delay days. This article integrates those strands in a hybrid framework (AIS trajectory analysis + connectivity indices + event studies) and shows that shocks at chokepoints materially degrade reliability, extend transit times, and inflate costs, yet the magnitude and duration of those impacts depend on network structure (redundancy), governance, and timely operational responses.