Prevalência das notificações de tuberculose em um hospital universitário, entre 2010 e 2022

Background and Objectives: Tuberculosis remains a significant public health challenge. This study aimed to describe the sociodemographic and clinical-epidemiological profiles of tuberculosis cases and identify factors associated with loss to follow-up between 2010 and 2022 at a university hospital in São Paulo-SP, Brazil. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed secondary data from mandatory tuberculosis notifications in a tertiary health service in São Paulo. Descriptive statistics and measures of central tendency were applied. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to calculate prevalence ratios for loss to follow-up. Results: A total of 2,076 cases were reported during the study period, with 39% identified in urgent or emergency settings, and 10.6% classified as loss to follow-up. Higher prevalence of treatment discontinuation was associated with unemployment, diagnosis in urgent/emergency care or hospitalization, retreatment cases, alcohol use, and positive serology for human immunodeficiency virus. Conclusion: Many cases were reported in the urgent care and/or emergency sector, and treatment interruption was high. This scenario underscores the necessity for a comprehensive approach to tuberculosis, with a focus on cases diagnosed in tertiary care and those undergoing retreatment.