Competency Expectations for Sensing Technologies in the Construction Industry: A Comparative Study of Academia and Industry Perceptions

Sensing technologies are integral to the construction industry, enabling precise data collection, monitoring, and analysis for activities such as quality control, resource tracking, and progress monitoring. Despite their transformative potential, the adoption of these technologies is hindered by a persistent competency gap stemming from misalignment between academic curricula and industry expectations. This study addresses this gap by comparing the perspectives of academia and industry practitioners in the United States on the competencies (knowledge, skills, and abilities) required for implementing sensing technologies. Using a three-round Delphi study, this study engages academic representatives from accredited higher education institutions and industry practitioners from the US construction sector. Findings indicate a broad consensus between academia and industry on the importance of core competencies, including sensing technology operation, deployment relative to construction site conditions, and information modeling. Notably, areas of divergence include ethics and regulatory knowledge, research and development, and sensor signal processing techniques, reflecting differing priorities: academia emphasizes foundational research and ethical considerations, while industry focuses on hands-on, application-oriented competencies. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by identifying key areas of alignment and divergence, offering insights for curriculum development and workforce training. The results emphasize the need for integrated academic programs that address shared priorities while fostering academia–industry collaboration to bridge divergent priorities. By aligning academic training with industry needs, these findings can enhance workforce readiness, advance the adoption of sensing technologies, and drive innovation in the construction industry.