Recent Advances in Nematicides and Their Modes of Action

Plant parasitic nematodes cause substantial economic losses in agricultural products worldwide. Chemical control remains the predominant strategy among available approaches for nematode management. In recent years, a new generation of synthetic nematicides with distinct biochemical targets and improved selectivity has emerged. However, our understanding of the mechanisms of action, activity spectra, and safety of these new agents remains fragmented and lacks systematic integration. Clarifying their modes of action is essential for both the rational development and effective application of these compounds. This article reviews the characteristics and modes of action of both traditional and innovative nematicides, including organophosphates, carbamates, avermectins, cyclobutrifluram, fluazaindolizine, tioxazafen, fluensulfone, and fluopyram, following the classification by the Insecticide and Fungicide Resistance. This review addresses this gap by critically examining modern nematicides currently in use or under development, highlighting their molecular targets, toxicological considerations, and potential roles in sustainable nematode management.